Definition of Human Trafficking in Oklahoma
“Human trafficking for labor” means:
- recruiting, enticing, harboring, maintaining, transporting, providing, or obtaining, by any means, another person through deception, force, fraud, threat, or coercion or for purposes of engaging the person in labor, or
- benefiting, financially or by receiving anything of value, from participation in a venture that has engaged in an act of trafficking for labor.
“Human trafficking for commercial sex” means:
- recruiting, enticing, harboring, maintaining, transporting, providing or obtaining, by any means, another person through deception, force, fraud, threat, or coercion for purposes of engaging the person in a commercial sex act;
- recruiting, enticing, harboring, maintaining, transporting, providing, purchasing or obtaining, by any means, a minor for purposes of engaging the minor in a commercial sex act; or
- benefiting, financially or by receiving anything of value, from participating in a venture that has engaged in an act of trafficking for commercial sex;
“Coercion” means compelling, forcing, or intimidating a person to act by:
- threats of harm or physical restraint against any person;
- any act, scheme, plan, or pattern intended to cause a person to believe that performing, or failing to perform, an act would result in serious physical, financial, or emotional harm or distress to or physical restraint against any person;
- the abuse or threatened abuse of the law or legal process;
- knowingly destroying, concealing, removing, confiscating or possessing any actual or purported passport, labor or immigration document, or other government identification document, including but not limited to a driver license or birth certificate, of another person;
- facilitating or controlling a person’s access to any addictive or controlled substance other than for legal medical purposes;
- blackmail;
- demanding or claiming money, goods, or any other thing of value from or on behalf of a prostituted person where such demand or claim arises from or is directly related to the act of prostitution;
- determining, dictating, or setting the times at which another person will be available to engage in an act of prostitution with a third party;
- determining, dictating, or setting the places at which another person will be available for solicitation of, or to engage in, an act of prostitution with a third party; or
- determining, dictating, or setting the places at which another person will reside for purposes of making such person available to engage in an act of prostitution with a third party;
“Commercial sex” means any form of commercial sexual activity such as sexually explicit performances, prostitution, participation in the production of pornography, performance in a strip club, or exotic dancing or display.
3. “Debt bondage” means the status or condition of a debtor arising from a pledge by the debtor of his or her personal services or of those of a person under his or her control as a security for debt if the value of those services as reasonably assessed is not applied toward the liquidation of the debt or the length and nature of those services are not respectively limited and defined;
“Legal process” means the criminal law, the civil law, or the regulatory system of the federal government, any state, territory, district, commonwealth, or trust territory in any of those, and any foreign government or subdivision of that government and includes legal civil actions, criminal actions, and regulatory petitions or applications.
Punishment For Human Trafficking in Oklahoma
This crime is a felony. The range of punishment in prison is five years-life. The maximum fine is $100,000. If the victim is under 18 at the time of the offense, the range of punishment is 15-life. The maximum fine is $250,000. This is a violent crime and an 85% crime. Anyone convicted of this crime is not eligible for probation.
It’s an affirmative defense to prosecution for a criminal offense that, during the time of the alleged commission of the offense, the defendant was a victim of human trafficking.
The consent of a victim to the activity prohibited by this law doesn’t constitute a defense. Lack of knowledge of the age of the victim doesn’t constitute a defense to the activity prohibited by this law with respect to human trafficking of a minor.
Human Trafficking as a Sex Crime in Oklahoma
Human trafficking a level two sex crime if it involved sexual abuse or sexual exploitation. If that’s the case, then the person convicted of human trafficking must register as a Sex Offender under the Oklahoma Sex Offender Registry Act. The offender must register for life and verify their address every 90 days. In addition to being labeled a sex offender, individuals convicted of human trafficking in Oklahoma must also comply with numerous laws that significantly affect their life. The offender must register with the local law enforcement agency. If the offender is a student, then he or she must notify the police or security department of any institution of higher learning.
To determine if sexual abuse, assault and/or exploitation is involved in this crime, official documentation will be reviewed. This includes, but is not limited to the following:
- District Attorney’s Information Sheet alleging sexual abuse, assault, and/or exploitation;
- District Attorney’s Narrative alleging sexual abuse, assault, and/or exploitation on the crime the offender was convicted of, not uncharged crimes or dismissed charges; and
- Sentencing documents for information regarding sexual abuse, assault, and/or exploitation. Sentencing documents include Judgment and Sentence, Summary of Facts, orders, minutes, etc. A court document stating a finding that no sexual abuse, assault, and/or exploitation was involved may be used to determine that no registration is required.
Where Sex Offenders Can Live in Oklahoma
A sex offender can’t live within a 2000 ft radius of any:
- public or private school site;
- educational institution;
- property or campsite used by an organization whose primary purpose is working with children;
- playground or park that is established, operated, or supported in whole or in part by a homeowners’ association or a city, town, county, state, federal or tribal government; a
- licensed child care center or family child care home; or
- the residence of his or her victim.
The distance is measured from the nearest property line of the residence of the sex offender to the nearest property line of the place listed above.
In any offense in which a minor child was the victim the sex offender can’t reside with a minor child or establish any other living accommodation where a minor child resides. Provided, however, the sex offender may reside with a minor child if the person is the parent, stepparent, or grandparent of the minor child and the minor child was not the victim of the offense for which the sex offender is required to register. A sex offender who resides with a minor child as the parent, stepparent, or grandparent of the minor child, provided the minor child was not the victim of the offense for which the sex offender is required to register, must report to the statewide centralized hotline of the Department of Human Services the name and date of birth of any and all minor children residing in the same household and the offenses for which the sex offender is required to register within three days of intent to reside with a minor child.
The restrictions on where a sex offender can’t live don’t apply to any registered sex offender residing in a hospital or other facility certified or licensed by the Oklahoma to provide medical services.
It’s illegal for two or more sex offenders to reside together in any individual dwelling during the term of registration as a sex offender. This restriction doesn’t apply to:
- any properly zoned and established boarding house, apartment building or other multi-unit structure; provided the individual dwellings are separate for each registered person;
- the sharing of living quarters, jail or prison space, or any multi-person or dormitory-style housing of sex offenders in the custody of any jail or correctional facility or any properly zoned facility under contract with a jail or correctional agency for the purpose of housing prisoners, or any properly established treatment or nonprofit facility located in a properly zoned area determined by the local governing authority and housing persons for purposes of sex offender services and treatment; and
- married people, both of whom are required to register as sex offenders, or two or more blood relatives who are required to register as sex offenders, from residing in any individual dwelling during the term of registration as a sex offender.
“Individual dwelling” means:
- a private residential property, whether owned, leased or rented, including all real property zoned as single-family residential property or zoned as multi-family residential property due to any adjacent, detached or separate living quarters of any kind on such property;
- any room available within any boarding house or group home as such term is defined by subsection D of this section;
- any single apartment for rent or lease within an apartment building; or
- any separate residential unit made available for sale, rent or lease within a multi-unit structure, including a condominium, duplex, triplex, quadriplex, or any unit that is constructed together with other separate units into one structure.
“Multi-unit structure” means a structure with multiple residential units that provide independent living facilities for living, sleeping, cooking, eating, and sanitation within each individual unit. Manufactured homes, mobile homes, trailers, and recreational vehicles that do not meet the descriptions of this paragraph are not multi-unit structures.
Sex Offender Conditions
A sex offender applying for an original, renewal or replacement Class A, B, C or D driver license or identification card who is an aggravated or habitual offender must be issued a license or card bearing the words “Sex Offender”. When someone l is no longer required to register as a convicted sex offender with the Department of Corrections, the individual shall be eligible to receive a driver license or identification card which does not bear the words “Sex Offender”.
A sex offender may be prohibited from accessing or using any Internet social networking web site that has the potential or likelihood of allowing the sex offender to have contact with any child who is under 18 years old.
A court may order a sex offender to register any electronic mail address information, instant message, chat, or other Internet communication name or identity information that the sex offender uses or intends to use while accessing the Internet or used for other purposes of social networking or other similar Internet communication.
A court may require a sex offender to participate in a treatment program designed specifically for the treatment of sex offenders, if available. The treatment program has to include polygraph examinations specifically designed for use with sex offenders for the purpose of supervision and treatment compliance, provided the examination is administered by a certified licensed polygraph examiner. The treatment program must be approved by the Department of Corrections or the Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. The treatment must be paid for by the sex offender and based on the offender’s ability to pay.
Where Sex Offenders Can Go
A sex offender can’t loiter within 500 feet of any:
- elementary, junior high or high school,
- permitted or licensed child care center,
- playground, or
- park
The above doesn’t apply to someone convicted of a sex crime in another state of a crime that Oklahoma requires registration as a sex offender when the victim was 16 years old or older.
A sex offender is prohibited from entering any park if:
- he or she has been designated as a habitual or aggravated sex offender in Oklahoma or
- he or she has been convicted of an offense in another jurisdiction, which offense, if committed or attempted in Oklahoma, would designate him or her as a habitual or aggravated sex offender in Oklahoma
A sex offender is prohibited from loitering within 1,000 feet of the residence of his or her victim if:
- the person who committed a sex crime against the victim has been convicted of said crime, and
- the person is required to register pursuant to the Sex Offenders Registration Act.
A sex offender may attend a recognized church or religious denomination for worship. However, the sex offender must notify the religious leader of his or her status as a registered sex offender and the sex offender must be granted written permission by the religious leader.
If ordered by the court, a habitual or aggravated sex offender will be supervised by the Department of Corrections for the duration of the registration period and will be assigned to a global position monitoring device by the Department of Corrections for the duration of the registration period. The cost of the monitoring device will be paid for by the sex offender.
A sex offender who is assigned to a community corrections center, community work center, or halfway house, must wear a GPS monitoring system for the duration of the registration period if ordered by a judge. Any sex offender paroled must wear a GPS monitoring system.
Any sex offender who wants to travel internationally must inform his or her residence jurisdiction of any intended travel outside of the United States at least 21 calendar days prior to that travel. In order to be in compliance, offenders must notify the Sex and Violent Offender Registration Unit.
Work Sex Offenders Can’t Perform
It’s illegal for sex offenders to:
- work with or provide services to children or
- work on school premises.
It’s unlawful for any person or business which contracts for work to be performed on school premises to knowingly and willfully allow any sex offender to work with children or to work on school premises.
A registered sex offender can’t be employed as a:
- peace officer
- criminal investigator
- private investigator,
- or security guard.
Sources: 21 O.S. § 748; 57 O.S. §§ 583, 589, 510.10, 584, 590, & 590.1; 22 O.S. § 991a ; and 43 O.S. § 2
Current as of July 5, 2019.